Formal recognition of Taiwan’s sovereignty by other states is challenging not only due to pressure from the PRC, but also because of the Republic of China's outdated 1947 constitution. At the same time, each country defines the “One China” policy by itself as opposed to the dictated adherence by the PCR. How to manage cooperation with Taiwan and being compatible with the “One China” policy at the same time? What are the practical difficulties in bilateral cooperation with Taiwan without official recognition, for example in terms of language used in bilateral agreements, and how could they be overcome?